Linux From Scratch

Table of Contents

• Preface

  • Foreword
  • Audience
  • LFS Target Architectures
  • Prerequisites
  • About the Cross Edition
  • LFS and Standards
  • Rationale for Packages in the Book
  • Typography
  • Structure
  • Errata and Security Advisories

• I. Introduction

  • 1. Introduction

    • How to Cross Build an LFS System
    • What's new since the last release
    • Changelog
    • Resources
    • Help

• II. Preparing for the Build

  • 2. Preparing the Host System

    • Introduction
    • Host System Requirements
    • Building LFS in Stages
    • Setting the $LFS Variable and the Umask

  • 3. Packages and Patches

    • Introduction
    • All Packages
    • Needed Patches

  • 4. Final Preparations

    • Introduction
    • Creating a Limited Directory Layout in the LFS Filesystem
    • Adding the LFS User
    • Setting Up the Environment
    • About SBUs
    • About the Test Suites

• III. Building the LFS Cross Toolchain and Temporary Tools

  • Important Preliminary Material

    • Introduction
    • Toolchain Technical Notes
    • General Compilation Instructions

  • 5. Compiling a Cross-Toolchain

    • Introduction
    • Binutils-2.44 - Pass 1
    • GCC-14.2.0 - Pass 1
    • Linux-6.14.2 API Headers
    • Glibc-2.41
    • Libstdc++ from GCC-14.2.0

  • 6. Cross Compiling Temporary Tools

    • Introduction
    • M4-1.4.19
    • Ncurses-6.5
    • Bash-5.2.37
    • Coreutils-9.7
    • Diffutils-3.12
    • File-5.46
    • Findutils-4.10.0
    • Gawk-5.3.2
    • Grep-3.12
    • Gzip-1.14
    • Make-4.4.1
    • Patch-2.8
    • Sed-4.9
    • Tar-1.35
    • Xz-5.8.1
    • Binutils-2.44 - Pass 2
    • GCC-14.2.0 - Pass 2
    • Programs from Util-linux-2.41
    • GRUB-2.12
    • Linux-6.14.2
    • Making the Temporary System Bootable

  • 7. Booting the Target System and Building Additional Temporary Tools

    • Introduction
    • Preparing Virtual Kernel File Systems
    • Setting up the Environment
    • Creating Directories
    • Creating Essential Files and Symlinks
    • Gettext-0.24
    • Bison-3.8.2
    • Perl-5.40.2
    • Python-3.13.3
    • Texinfo-7.2
    • Util-linux-2.41
    • Setting Up Loopback Network Interface with IPRoute-6.14.0
    • Cleaning up and Saving the Temporary System

• IV. Building the LFS System

  • 8. Installing Basic System Software

    • Introduction
    • Package Management
    • Man-pages-6.13
    • Iana-Etc-20250328
    • Glibc-2.41
    • Zlib-1.3.1
    • Bzip2-1.0.8
    • Xz-5.8.1
    • Lz4-1.10.0
    • Zstd-1.5.7
    • File-5.46
    • Readline-8.2.13
    • M4-1.4.19
    • Bc-7.0.3
    • Flex-2.6.4
    • Tcl-8.6.16
    • Expect-5.45.4
    • DejaGNU-1.6.3
    • Pkgconf-2.4.3
    • Binutils-2.44
    • GMP-6.3.0
    • MPFR-4.2.2
    • MPC-1.3.1
    • Attr-2.5.2
    • Acl-2.3.2
    • Libcap-2.76
    • Libxcrypt-4.4.38
    • Shadow-4.17.4
    • GCC-14.2.0
    • Ncurses-6.5
    • Sed-4.9
    • Psmisc-23.7
    • Gettext-0.24
    • Bison-3.8.2
    • Grep-3.12
    • Bash-5.2.37
    • Libtool-2.5.4
    • GDBM-1.25
    • Gperf-3.2.1
    • Expat-2.7.1
    • Inetutils-2.6
    • Less-668
    • Perl-5.40.2
    • XML::Parser-2.47
    • Intltool-0.51.0
    • Autoconf-2.72
    • Automake-1.17
    • OpenSSL-3.5.0
    • Libelf from Elfutils-0.192
    • Libffi-3.4.8
    • Python-3.13.3
    • Flit-Core-3.12.0
    • Packaging-24.2
    • Wheel-0.46.1
    • Setuptools-78.1.0
    • Ninja-1.12.1
    • Meson-1.7.2
    • Kmod-34.2
    • Coreutils-9.7
    • Diffutils-3.12
    • Gawk-5.3.2
    • Findutils-4.10.0
    • Groff-1.23.0
    • GRUB-2.12
    • Gzip-1.14
    • IPRoute2-6.14.0
    • Kbd-2.7.1
    • Libpipeline-1.5.8
    • Make-4.4.1
    • Patch-2.8
    • Tar-1.35
    • Texinfo-7.2
    • Vim-9.1.1263
    • MarkupSafe-3.0.2
    • Jinja2-3.1.6
    • Systemd-257.3
    • D-Bus-1.16.2
    • Man-DB-2.13.0
    • Procps-ng-4.0.5
    • Util-linux-2.41
    • E2fsprogs-1.47.2
    • About Debugging Symbols
    • Stripping
    • Cleaning Up

  • 9. System Configuration

    • Introduction
    • General Network Configuration
    • Overview of Device and Module Handling
    • Managing Devices
    • Configuring the System Clock
    • Configuring the Linux Console
    • Configuring the System Locale
    • Creating the /etc/inputrc File
    • Creating the /etc/shells File
    • Systemd Usage and Configuration

  • 10. Making the LFS System Bootable

    • Introduction
    • Creating the /etc/fstab File
    • Linux-6.14.2
    • Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process

  • 11. The End

    • The End
    • Get Counted
    • Rebooting the System
    • Additional Resources
    • Getting Started After LFS

• V. Appendices

  • A. Acronyms and Terms
  • B. Acknowledgments
  • C. Dependencies
  • D. LFS Licenses
    • Creative Commons License
    • The MIT License

• Index