Beyond Linux® From Scratch - Version svn-20070421

Chapter 21. Major Servers

OpenSSH-4.6p1

Introduction to OpenSSH

The OpenSSH package contains ssh clients and the sshd daemon. This is useful for encrypting authentication and subsequent traffic over a network.

Package Information

OpenSSH Dependencies

Required

OpenSSL-0.9.8e

Optional

Linux-PAM-0.99.7.1, TCP Wrapper-7.6, X Window System, MIT Kerberos V5-1.6 or Heimdal-0.7.2, JDK-1.5.0_11, Net-tools-1.60, Sysstat-7.0.4, OpenSC, and libsectok

User Notes: http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/wiki/OpenSSH

Installation of OpenSSH

OpenSSH runs as two processes when connecting to other computers. The first process is a privileged process and controls the issuance of privileges as necessary. The second process communicates with the network. Additional installation steps are necessary to set up the proper environment, which are performed by issuing the following commands as the root user: 

install -v -m700 -d /var/lib/sshd &&
chown -v root:sys /var/lib/sshd &&
groupadd -g 50 sshd &&
useradd -c 'sshd PrivSep' -d /var/lib/sshd -g sshd \
    -s /bin/false -u 50 sshd

OpenSSH is very sensitive to changes in the linked OpenSSL libraries. If you recompile OpenSSL, OpenSSH may fail to startup. An alternative is to link against the static OpenSSL library. To link against the static library, execute the following command: 

sed -i "s:-lcrypto:/usr/lib/libcrypto.a -ldl:g" configure

Install OpenSSH by running the following commands: 

sed -i "s/lkrb5 -ldes/lkrb5/" configure &&
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh \
    --libexecdir=/usr/lib/openssh --with-md5-passwords \
    --with-privsep-path=/var/lib/sshd &&
make

If you linked tcp_wrappers into the build using the --with-tcp-wrappers parameter, ensure you add 127.0.0.1 to the sshd line in /etc/hosts.allow if you have a restrictive /etc/hosts.deny file, or the test suite will fail. To run the test suite, issue: make -k tests.

Now, as the root user: 

make install &&
install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/openssh-4.6p1 &&
install -v -m644 INSTALL LICENCE OVERVIEW README* WARNING.RNG \
    /usr/share/doc/openssh-4.6p1

Command Explanations

sed -i "s/lkrb5 -ldes/lkrb5/" configure: This command fixes a build crash if you used the --with-kerberos5 parameter and you built the Heimdal package in accordance with the BLFS instructions. The command is harmless in all other instances.

--sysconfdir=/etc/ssh: This prevents the configuration files from being installed in /usr/etc.

--with-md5-passwords: This is required if you made the changes recommended by the shadowpasswd_plus LFS hint on your SSH server when you installed the Shadow Password Suite or if you access a SSH server that authenticates by user passwords encrypted with md5.

--libexecdir=/usr/lib/openssh: This parameter changes the installation path of some programs to /usr/lib/openssh instead of /usr/libexec.

Configuring OpenSSH

Config Files

~/.ssh/*, /etc/ssh/ssh_config, and /etc/ssh/sshd_config

There are no required changes to any of these files. However, you may wish to view the /etc/ssh/ files and make any changes appropriate for the security of your system. One recommended change is that you disable root login via ssh. Execute the following command as the root user to disable root login via ssh: 

echo "PermitRootLogin no" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Additional configuration information can be found in the man pages for sshd, ssh and ssh-agent.

Boot Script

To start the SSH server at system boot, install the /etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd init script included in the blfs-bootscripts-20060910 package. 

make install-sshd

Contents

Installed Programs: scp, sftp, sftp-server, slogin, ssh, sshd, ssh-add, ssh-agent, ssh-keygen, ssh-keyscan, and ssh-keysign
Installed Libraries: None
Installed Directories: /etc/ssh, /var/lib/sshd and /usr/share/doc/openssh-4.6p1

Short Descriptions

scp

is a file copy program that acts like rcp except it uses an encrypted protocol.

sftp

is an FTP-like program that works over SSH1 and SSH2 protocols.

sftp-server

is an SFTP server subsystem. This program is not normally called directly by the user.

slogin

is a symlink to ssh.

ssh

is an rlogin/rsh-like client program except it uses an encrypted protocol.

sshd

is a daemon that listens for ssh login requests.

ssh-add

is a tool which adds keys to the ssh-agent.

ssh-agent

is an authentication agent that can store private keys.

ssh-keygen

is a key generation tool.

ssh-keyscan

is a utility for gathering public host keys from a number of hosts.

ssh-keysign

is used by ssh to access the local host keys and generate the digital signature required during hostbased authentication with SSH protocol version 2. This program is not normally called directly by the user.

Last updated on 2007-04-18 22:10:11 +0200