It is time to create the full structure in the LFS file system.
Create some root-level directories that are not in the limited set required in the previous chapters by issuing the following command:
Some of the directories below have already been created earlier with explicit instructions or when installing some packages. They are repeated below for completeness.
mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}
Create the required set of subdirectories below the root-level by issuing the following commands:
mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig} mkdir -pv /lib/firmware mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8} mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool} mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate} ln -sfv /run /var/run ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock install -dv -m 0750 /root install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
changes are made—one to the home directory of user root
, and another to the directories for
temporary files.
The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter the
/root
directory—the same as a
normal user would do with his or her home directory. The second mode
change makes sure that any user can write to the /tmp
and /var/tmp
directories, but cannot remove another user's files from them. The
latter is prohibited by the so-called “sticky bit,”
the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.
The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
(FHS) (available at https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml).
The FHS also specifies the optional existence of some directories
such as /usr/local/games
and
/usr/share/games
. We create only the
directories that are needed. However, feel free to create these
directories.